United States Armed Forces
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U.S. Marine Corps U.S. Navy U.S. Air Force U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters Washington, D.C and Arlington, Virginia Leadership Commander-in-Chief President Barack Obama Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Martin Dempsey Manpower Military age 17–62 years old Available for military service 73,270,043 males, age 18–49 (2010 est.), 71,941,969 females, age 18–49 (2010 est.) Fit for military service 60,620,143 males, age 18–49 (2010 est.), 59,401,941 females, age 18–49 (2010 est.) Reaching military age annually 2,161,727 males (2010 est.), 2,055,685 females (2010 est.) Active personnel 1,456,862 (ranked 2nd) Reserve personnel 1,458,500 Expenditures Budget $549.1 billion (FY11) (1st by total expenditure, 11th as percent of GDP) Percent of GDP 4.9% (2011 est.) Related articles History American Revolutionary War Early national period Continental expansion American Civil War (1861–1865) Post-Civil War era World War I (1917–1918) World War II (1941–1945) Cold War (1945–1991) Korean War (1950–1953) Vietnam War (1959–1975) Gulf War (1991) Kosovo War (1999) War on Terrorism (2001–present) War in Afghanistan (2001–present) Iraq War (2003–2011) Other Ranks Army officerArmy warrant officer Army enlisted Marine Corps officer Marine Corps warrant officer Marine Corps enlisted Navy officer Navy warrant officer Navy enlisted Air Force officer Air Force enlisted Coast Guard officer Coast Guard warrant officer Coast Guard enlisted The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard. The United States has a strong tradition of civilian control of the military. The President is the overall head of the military, and helps form military policy with the United States Department of Defense (DoD), a federal executive department, acting as the principal organ by which military policy is carried out. The DoD is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and Cabinet member. The Secretary of Defense is second in the military's chain of command, just below the President, and serves as the principal assistant to the President in all matters related to the Department of Defense. To coordinate military action with diplomacy, the President has an advisory National Security Council headed by a National Security Advisor. Both the President and Secretary of Defense are advised by a seven-member Joint Chiefs of Staff, which includes the head of each of Department of Defense service branches as well as the chief of the National Guard Bureau. Leadership is provided by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Commandant of the Coast Guard is not a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. All of the branches work together during operations and joint missions, under the Unified Combatant Commands, under the authority of the Secretary of Defense with the exception of the Coast Guard. The Coast Guard falls under the administration of the Department of Homeland Security and receives its operational orders from the Secretary of Homeland Security. The Coast Guard may be transferred to the Department of the Navy by the President or Congress during a time of war. All five armed services are among the seven uniformed services of the United States; the others are the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps. From the time of its inception the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of national unity and identity was forged out of the victorious Barbary Wars, as well as the War of 1812. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and not until the outbreak of World War II did a large standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the onset of the Cold War, created the modern U.S. military framework; the Act merged previously Cabinet-level Department of War and the Department of the Navy into the National Military Establishment (renamed the Department of Defense in 1949), headed by the Secretary of Defense; and created the Department of the Air Force and National Security Council. The U.S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its manpower from a large pool of paid volunteers; although conscription has been used in the past in various times of both war and peace, it has not been used since 1972. As of 2011, the United States spends about $550 billion annually to fund its military forces, and appropriates approximately $160 billion to fund Overseas Contingency Operations. Put together, the United States constitutes roughly 43 percent of the world's military expenditures. The U.S. armed forces as a whole possess large quantities of advanced and powerful equipment, along with widespread placement of forces around the world, giving them significant capabilities in both defense and power projection. From Wikipedia under the
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